Travel Motivation and Tourist Typologies - 2366 Words

Numerous attempts to understand the complex inner works of human behaviour and motivation have been sought amongst researchers in the tourism field for many years. After all, motivation is ‘the trigger that sets off all events in travel’ (Parrinello, 1993 cited in Sharpley, 1994), thus making it the most indispensable subject in tourism studies. Hence, it is the aim of this paper to critically examine the different theories on travel motivations and tourism behaviour typologies and discuss their usefulness for practitioners involved in marketing and planning tourism. The first part of the discussion will be focused on the existing theories on ‘push factors’ that drive upon individuals the desire to travel, and the latter part, will look at†¦show more content†¦As a response to this, Pearce and Lee (2005) proposed the Travel Career Pattern (TCP), an approach that described the dynamic motivational structure of the tourists changing needs (during and in between holidays). Supported with empirical research, Pearce and Lee propounded that the ‘backbone’ of travel motivation consisted of four central motivations (novelty, escape/relax, relationship and self-development) present in all tourists regardless of their experience. It was argued that these central motivations had no relative change from tourist to tourist, yet it was the less-dominant motivations that modified and brought uniqueness to each individual’s motivation. Even though it is evident that Maslow’s hierarchy of needs and Pearce and Lee’s TCP have many similarities, the latter theory is of greater usefulness for practitioners in the tourism industry as it allows for a simple yet multi-dimensional understanding of motivation instead of a linear progression from one set of needs to the other. For example, if a tour operator wants to find the best way to promote a new packaged holiday for senior Chinese tourists to the UK, it may want to use the TCP in order to detect in which phase of the travel career are senior Chinese tourists and then be able to focus on the needs that motivate that specific phase. In this case, we could say that since China is a relatively new tourist-generating region, its senior citizens would certainly be in the initialShow MoreRelatedTourist Typologies and Travel Motivations3187 Words   |  13 Pagesverb â€Å"to travel† encompasses many connotations as people around the world, from different backgrounds, socio-cultural, linguistic and professional, choose to travel to a particular destination for different reasons, influenced by a variety of extrinsic and intrinsic factors. Throughout the years, many researchers in the field have sought a more academic answer to the question â€Å"Why do people travel?† It is the aim of the present paper to critically examine different authors’ views on travel motivationsRead MoreTourism Essay2568 Words   |  11 Pagesguests/tourists about the information that shows on the brochure and a further explanation of it. Theory of authenticity of tourism and tourist typology, motivation and determination are linked together with the brochure which would be expounded as well. Table of Content Introduction 1 Table of Content 2 Definition of tourism 3 Highlights and plans of the day tour 3 Theories link to brochure 3 Authenticity of the day tour 3 Theory of authenticity 3 Link to brochure 4 Tourist typology of theRead MoreTour1000653 Words   |  3 Pagesresearch? 3. Explain the relevance of a systems approach to tourism studies. 4. Identify and describe the five core elements of the basic whole tourism system. 5. What is the definition of a tourist? What are the criteria used to define a tourist? 6. What are the main travel purposes in contemporary tourism? 7. What can we learn from tourism past and present that may help us project into the future of tourism? 8. What was the Grand Tour? Does the Grand Tour have anyRead MoreExternal Factors That Influence Tourism Development And Demand2684 Words   |  11 Pagesthey not only have increased disposable income, but also sufficient time for travelling (Jang Wu, 2006). The majority of these seniors are capable, both physically and financially, of going for vacation trips, and many of them have strong motivation to travel for pleasure. The tourism industry is highly vulnerable and the industry must constantly take into account the demographic and social changes. The changing age structure in favor of the old, especially in developed countries coupled with theRead MoreNegative Impacts of Technology on Tourism2744 Words   |  11 Pagesto determine the consumer behavior for particular product or service. b. Psychological Factors There are four important psychological factors affecting the consumer buying behavior. These are: perception, motivation, learning, beliefs and attitudes. * Motivation The level of motivation also affects the buying behavior of customers. Every person has different needs such as physiological needs, biological needs, social needs etc. The nature of the needs is that, some of them are most pressingRead MoreUnderstanding Tourist Motivation and Behaviour Concerning Dark Tourism Sites3254 Words   |  14 PagesUnderstanding tourist motivation concerning the term dark tourism with a focus on Alcatraz Table of Content 1. Introduction 3 2. Abstract 4 3. The definition development of dark tourism 5 4. The different types of Dark Tourism 6 4.1. Holocaust Tourism 6 4.2. Battlefield tourism 6 4.3. Cemetery Tourism 7 4.4. Slavery-Heritage Tourism 7 4.5. Prison tourism 7 5. Motivation factors vary from person to person. 7 5.1. Belonging to a particular community and education 7 5.2. Concept of SchadenfreudeRead MoreThe Dark Tourism, The Concept1945 Words   |  8 Pagesstill yet to fully understand. The concept of Dark Tourism has been around thousands of years, dating back to before even Roman times. The idea that people from all over the country would travel to the colosseum just to see a fight to the death was a form of tourism. One academic in 2005 described it as â€Å"travel to sites of death and suffering† (Stone, 2005). Despite the attraction to this form of tourism being around for countless years, it has only recently made its way into the literature booksRead MoreOverview of Religious Tourism3240 Words   |  13 Pagesï » ¿2.2 DÐ µfÃ'â€"nÃ'â€"ng RÐ µlÃ'â€"gÃ'â€"ous Tourism Religious tourism is an ancient practice, although it has not been called this for very long. For millennia, individuals have travelled alone or in groups for religious regions. These travels have included pilgrimages, or visiting places that they considered to be holy, and making missionary trips, in which people travelled to tell others of the nature of their faith. People have also travelled simply for their own pleasure or for other personal reasons while incorporatingRead MoreEnhancing the Tourist Destination: An analysis of the Official Tourism Website of Indonesia1378 Words   |  6 Pagesdevelopment depends on language use and how to construct and define the tourist experience and destination images. As Boyer and Viallon (1994) discovered that it is not so many destinations which is integrally touristic but rather the language use creates them be touristic. This concept was then developed by Graham Dann (1996) who was one of the first scholars conducted a comprehensive socio linguistic analysis about the use of language in tourist texts and to distinguish the landscapes which portray tourismRead MoreSpecial Interest Tourism : Special Tourism2517 Words   |  11 Pagescharacterized intrests, exercises or support; is regularly used in conjuction with niche tourism marekting. While niche tourism centers upon typologies of the tourism supply. In a basic meaning, Uncommon Interest Tourism (SIT) alludes to the touristic enthusiasm to any particular fields of tourism. Douglas et. al., (2001) have endeavored to clarify this tourism typology as the specially designed essential of recreation with charming experience; that is centered by particularly verbalized gathering or

Background Information And Data Exploration Essay

Background Information and Data Exploration The data set our group chose to analyze looks at alcohol consumption for students in Portugal given a set of demographic, familial, academic and social characteristics. With this data set in particular, it is important to note that in Portugal, the legal drinking age is sixteen years old and most of the participants in the data set are of legal drinking age. One-hundred ninety-five participants out of one-thousand forty-four total participants, or 18.68%, are underage. The data set was extremely clean, as there were no missing values in the data set. Examples of the variables provided were: sex, age, address (urban v. rural), parental status (together v. apart), mother’s education, father’s education, guardianship, travel time to school, study time, number of classes failed, school support, extracurricular support, etc. Of all the provided variables, the three variables that our group chose to remove from our data set were school, reason and weekend alcohol consumption. The variable school only told the reader, whether the student attended Gabriel Pereira or Mousinho da Silveira. As a group, we justify removing this variable in order to make our findings more applicable to the general population, and not just those students who attended either of the two schools. The other variable we removed was reason. This variable represents the reason that the student attended the school that he or she did, whether it be reputation or theShow MoreRelatedData Processing And Comprehensive Geological Interpretation Of Geochemical Exploration809 Words   |  4 PagesChapter 5. Data processing and comprehensive geological interpretation of geochemical exploration in the study area Geochemical prospecting (also known as a recent geochemical survey) is a traditional prospecting discipline. The practice has proved that the methods of geochemical prospecting in mineral exploration and resource assessment is one of the most direct and efficient ways. So geochemical data is one of the important sources of data for mineral exploration, through a series of effectiveRead MoreBio 100 Appendix E Essay999 Words   |  4 Pagesremains the same. This week, review your Week Three lab instructions and assignment to become acquainted with the essential elements of each lab. 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Same-Sex Parenting Explorartory Free Essays

English 2000 18 March 2013 Is Same-Sex Parenting just as Effective as Conventional Parenting? Marriage equality is currently one of the latest civil rights issues; along with marriage equality, same-sex parenting is a controversial topic that has yet to die down. There are usually two views taken on the topic of gay parenting: it’s wrong and should be illegal or it’s normal and should be legal. Gay parenting and marriage has become publicly accepted by some and prohibited by others and the average family has developed into many different forms in the last few years. We will write a custom essay sample on Same-Sex Parenting Explorartory or any similar topic only for you Order Now The majority of society believes that child being raised by a single parent is equivalent to same-sex parents. Studies show that children with two moms or two dads grow up just as well as children with heterosexual parents. Opponents of same-sex parenting believe that just as marriage should remain traditional, parenting should also be specifically between a man and a woman, while proponents believe that DNA does not make a parent. The main issue that needs to be resolved today is if same-sex parenting is just as effective as conventional parenting throughout families. Both sides of the debate have their reasons for their beliefs that need to be explored. An argument of opponents is that same-sex relationships are infamously short-lived and will create an unstable family. By allowing same-sex couples to become parents we are ignoring what is best for children; growing up with a mother and a father. There have been many different studies conducted to get the true background of children being raised by gay parents. Mark Regnerus, Associate Professor of sociology at the University of Texas at Austin, conducted a study on young adults raised within different family arrangements. While sexual orientation or parent sexual behavior has nothing to do with the ability to be an effective parent, his data suggests that it may affect a child’s life experiences. His study reveals that â€Å"children appear most apt to succeed well as adults—on multiple counts and across a variety of domains—when they spend their entire childhood with their married mother and father, and especially when the parents remain married to the present day† (Regnerus). There are a great number of people who believe that much of the research on same-sex parenting is flawed. This stakeholder usually has a neutral stance on the issue. Judges and lawmakers have relied on a growing body of research on same-sex parenting to make decisions in cases and legislation regarding custody battles and adoption† (Homosexual Parenting). In today’s society, one must need scientific data and research on an issue to decide how it should properly be resolved. Many research ers are aware of this concept and the data usually leads to coincide with the researchers beliefs. Rabbi Daniel Lapin, the President of the conservative public advocacy group Toward Tradition, states that â€Å"flawed science is not new, right now it’s swirling around the controversial area of sexuality† (qtd. In Homosexual Parenting). Those who support that gay parenting studies are flawed believe that same-sex parenting is an issue that is based on beliefs, not scientific research. The majority of opposing views are influenced by religious motives. According to the Laws of Nature and Nature’s God, marriage exists for three purposes: companionship, sexual intimacy, and procreation (Fischer). Marriage is viewed as a religious ritual and is established for the purpose of procreation and since same-sex couples cannot conceive children, they should neither get married nor become parents. Those who disagree with same-sex parenting/same-sex marriage tend to be against homosexuality. There is fear in conservative society that being raised by homosexual parents not gives children the fair chance to live a heterosexual life. Bryan Fischer, a conservative radio host and the Director of issues Analysis for the American Family Association, same-sex parenting and adoption are a form of child abuse. In his article, he includes many scientific researches, including sociologist Mark Regenerus, which confirms same-sex relationships are unstable for children. He believes that while single parent families are an â€Å"unfortunate social tragedy† adopting children into same-sex environments is inexcusably and deliberately creating households with a missing mother or father (Fischer). Professionals trust that fathers contribute necessary ingredients to parenting that mothers cannot provide, and mothers contribute something to the nurture of children that fathers cannot provide (Fischer). The main reason people support same-sex parenting is because they support same-sex marriage. Supporters believe that homosexuals desire an equal chance versus heterosexuals at civil rights. The documentary Fatherhood Dreams follows four gay men who are fathers and shows the incentive that drives gay men to become dads. Julia Ivanoa, the Russian director, depicts the untraditional families as better alternatives than divorce and neglect towards children’s growing experience. Same-sex couples create more opportunities for other families who cannot support their children to find a better home with devoted parents. Convetional parenting, the â€Å"mom and dad† traditional way of parenting, is at an all-time low. Divorce and non-marital birth rates increase drastically every year. The quality of a marriage is proven to be a key factor in a child’s well-being. While research clearly indicates that children benefit from growing up with both biological parents in a low-conflict marriage, there has been very little rigorous research on how to promote and sustain healthy marriages. (Moore, Jekielek, and Emig). There are many sides to the same-sex parenting controversy, and all arguments give reasons to justify their beliefs. Opponents of gay parenting support traditional family arrangements between a man and a woman. Not only do they believe the importance of religion is in dang they also fear that allowing children to be raised by same-sex couples will jeopardize their chances of having a stable life in the future. Those who support gay parenting believe that homosexuals desire the right to marry and raise children freely. Everyone has their own different views regarding this issue and is subject to change; however, homosexuals are not going to stop being parents. This raises the question; are we going to continue to fight same-sex parenting? Works Citied â€Å"Homosexual Parenting Studies Are Flawed, Report Says | Fox News. † Fox News. FOX News Network, 18 July 2001. Web. 28 Feb. 2013. Fatherhood Dreams. Dir. Julia Ivanoa. Interfilm Productions, 2007. Film. Fischer, Bryan. â€Å"Bryan Fischer: Same-sex Parenting Is Bad for Kids, Period. † Bryan Fischer: Same-sex Parenting Is Bad for Kids, Period. American Family Association, 14 June 2012. Web. 28 Feb. 2013. Moore, Kristin, Anderson, Susan M. Jekielek, and Carol Emig. Marriage from a Child’s Perspective: How Does Family Structure Affect Children, and What Can We Do about It? † Child Trends. Child Trends, June 2008. Web. 28 Feb. 2013. Prager, Dennis. â€Å"Same-sex Marriage: Good for Gays, Bad for Children. † WorldNet Daily. WND Commentary, 4 May 2004. Web. 24 Feb. 2013. Regnerus, Mark. â€Å"How Different Are The Adult Children Of Parents Who Have Same-Sex Re lationships? Findings From The New Family Structures Study. † Social Science Research 41. (n. d. ): 752-770. ScienceDirect. Web. 28 Feb. 2013. How to cite Same-Sex Parenting Explorartory, Papers

Holiday Decision Survey

Question: Write an essay on "Holiday Decision Survey". Answer: 1.0 Introduction Tourism had identified the lucrative aspects that had displayed with indifferent paradoxes. In the similar context, Page (2012) determined that the tourism agencies had undertaken a high constructive and organised effort to enhance the accessibility internationally. Tourism had managed to establish an extensive influence on the public sector. The tourism consumer behaviour can recognise as the assembly of its attitudes, decisions, acts, reaction towards the tourism products and services and its post consuming reactions. Considering the previous context, Tourism experience (2016) mentioned that over the decades, tourism had witnessed a continuous. Diversification had become one of the fastest growing economic segments in the global context. Moreover, tourism had turned out to be a thriving global sector, which had the power to shape up the positive and the negative influence of the economy. Both the developed and the developing regions had contributed a significant proportion of the National Income and had managed to generate tremendous employment opportunities. It had turned out to be a fast growing serving sector and carries huge potentials for its further expansion and diversifications. According to Ryan Collins (2008), a high percentage of the customer segment initiates the tourism services to experience refreshment. Therefore, the tourism marketers target the tourism that prefers the holiday-centric services. The present study focuses on the 6 destinations, which include Barossa Valley, Spain, France, Italy, Las Vegas, New Zealand, Hong Kong and Gold Coast. The current study evaluates on the pros and cons of the tourism initiatives taken by the marketers of the specific destinations. The analysis would be done exclusively on the primary data. 3 respondents have been selected or the particular subject. Based on the feedbacks, strategic recommendations would be provided to one of the tourist marketers to improve its attraction measures. 2.0 Analysing the behavioural aspects of the selected respondents with the support of personality theory The tourist that initiates the tourism services for the holiday purpose experiences different types of treatments. In the particular inference, Petr (2015) determined that the customers prefer to experience a premium level of services. Therefore, the monetary expenditure does not matter much to the tourists that prefer the premium level of services. In the majority of the cases, the customers prefer to initiate the services of the tourist attractions that are well decorated. In the similar context, Miao Mattila (2011) asserted that the psychology of the customers works in the manner that the greater percentage of expenditure can return higher proportionate of value. Therefore, the holiday tourist segment prefers to initiate the destinations that charge a premium range of the capitals. Contrary to the latter statement, Goeldner Ritchie (2011) claimed that with the increasing rate of the literacy, the customers are getting typical regarding the tourism services. Therefore, the custom ers have generated idea and knowledge with regards to the tourism practices. Hence, the majority of the tourists undergoes a thorough research of the offered services and the overall all activities of the attractions before perceiving the services. The behavioural action of the tourist segment and the personal influence had been analysed with the support of the self-congruity theory. Kattara et al. (2008) stated that the self-congruity theory represents the match and the mismatch of the perceptions between the individuals. The theory indicates that the maximum percentages of the tourists prefer to showcase the dedication towards the brand image of the tourist destinations. Based on the distinct perception, the visitors determines on the brand choice. Investigating on the feedbacks of the first three respondents (1,2 and 3) an assumption can be made that the visitors are ready to initiate the service that places the price at a moderate level. The visitor prefer to spend a maximum ten ure of 5 days. Thus, the visitors are comfortable with the price ranging within $2000. Considering on the opinion of the 1st respondent, the destination based decisions are made after analysing on the value derived proportion and price affordability plays a major role in the decision making as well. The opinions of the samples regarding the pricing policy of the chosen destinations are indifferent. Conversely, amongst the three respondents, 2 signify that the pricing configuration of Spain, France and Italy are highly unsatisfactory. The respondents have asserted that the accommodation offerings of the specified destinations are highly standardised. Morrison (2013) notified that the customers get easily convinced by the high profile offering. However, the affordability of perceiving the services creates the significant differences. 3.0 Evaluating the behaviour of the selected respondents using the demographic theory The customers' attitudes with respect to the demographic concept had been scrutinised with the support of the Marx demographic theory. As per the opinion of Konu (2015), the global population is entirely reliable on the social and the economic aspects. Inference can be drawn from the above evaluation that the strength of the community gets minimised due to the lack of social and economic support. Zhang et al. (2013) asserted that visitors prefer to invest the destinations that offer the positive encouragement. The research conducted by the previous scholars denotes that the majority of the visitors undertake the holiday services to break down the routine schedules. On the other hand, a certain percentage of the travellers undertake the similar range of services to gain a better experience, which can be implied in the regular hectic schedule as a fatigue handling initiatives. Hence, the social gathering is highly beneficial to create a positive vibration. The particular action facilit ates the travellers to gain a refined experience from the holiday trip. Supporting the latter context, O'Cass Sok (2015) specified that the corrective social gathering and positive behavioural aspects of the external population are highly necessitated to enhance the recreational measures. The feedbacks of the three respondents lead to the direction that the maximum percentages of the tourist prefer receiving the value added services other than the unique ones from the trip. The economic up gradation creates a direct influence on the infrastructural upliftment policy of the destinations. The visitors prefer visiting Gold Coast and Las Vegas due to its lucrative accommodation services. Both the destinations had utilised the economic resources in the productive manner, which led the attractions to attain the maximum visitors' preferences. The feedback of the second respondent reflects that the social gathering and the activities conducted by the destinations had been highly lucrative. Therefore, the customers find the specific destination to be economic and the social outing creates a positive encouragement on the visitors. It serves to be a significant recreational aspect for the tourists. Evaluating on the responses of the selected samples, inference can be drawn that 4.0 Recommendations The attraction measures of the six tourism destinations had been extremely lucrative. Conversely, the tourism actions initiated by the marketers of Spain, France and Italy (option 1) lags specifically in the pricing measures. Thus, despite receiving the affirmative reactions of the visitors in the social networking sites, the regions somehow fails to convince the customers to make a revisit in the specific tourist destination. Therefore, the strategic recommendations had been provided to the market of the chosen destination to amplify its attraction measures. The recommendations are initiated after evaluating the demands and expectation of the visitors with regards to Spain, France and Italy destinations. The strategic initiatives are: Limiting the service tenure The service tenure for the holiday tourism is quite long (Morrison, 2013). The feedback of the samples forecasts that the holiday trip 15 nights is too long, which is a complete waste of the financial resources. The respondents are comfortable with the tenure of 5 days or nights. Since, the marketers of the specific destination kept a long tenure, therefore, the budget had been kept high without any inclusion of unique offerings. Therefore, reducing the 15-night tenure to 5 days would be the smart effort to mitigate the budget deficit. It would help the markets to construct a reasonable budget for the entire trip package. It would enact to be the useful measures formulate the tourist plan within the expected range of the visitors. Creating an effective pricing strategy The package offerings of the destination are comparatively expensive. Therefore, despite the executing an interest towards the region, the visitors prefer to look for an alternative within an affordable range (Konu, 2015). However, certain percentages of the customers prefer to initiate the holiday services exclusively for the recreation and experience, therefore, believes the trip package and the price range of Spain, France and Italy do not even match with the expectation. The customers are ready to make expenditure within the budget of $1500 - $2500. Whereas, Spain, France and Italy change $ 10,990 for 15 days, which is irrelevant and almost three times more than the price range of Las Vegas, Hong Kong and Gold Coast. The marketer can follow the policy of providing the flight tickets of economic class other than the business class to limit the price range. Conclusion Evaluating the study, it had been concluded that the visitors prefer to experience that value added service at an affordable price range. Therefore, the marketers that had included enormous service measures within the tour package needs to screen on its efficacy and keep the efficient ones. The holiday tenure of 5 days is sufficient to create an impressive impact on the visitors. References: Goeldner, C. R., Ritchie, J. B. R. (2011). Tourism: Principles, practices, philosophies (12th ed.). United States: Wiley, John Sons. Holden, A. (2007). Environment and tourism (2nd ed.). London: Taylor Francis. Kattara, H. S., Weheba, D., El-Said, O. A. (2008). The impact of employee behaviour on customers service quality perceptions and overall satisfaction. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 8(4), 309323. Konu, H. (2015). Developing nature-based tourism products with customers by utilising the Delphi method. Tourism Management Perspectives, 14, 4254. Miao, L., Mattila, A. S. (2011). The impact of other customers on customer experiences: A psychological distance perspective. Journal of Hospitality Tourism Research, 37(1), 7799. Morrison, A. M. (2013).Marketing and managing tourism destinations. New York: Routledge. OCass, A., Sok, P. (2015). An exploratory study into managing value creation in tourism service firms: Understanding value creation phases at the intersection of the tourism service firm and their customers. Tourism Management, 51, 186200. Page, S. (2012). Tourism management.Tourism Management,33(3), 724725. Petr, C. (2015). How heritage site tourists may become monument visitors. Tourism Management, 51, 247262. Ryan, C., Collins, A. B. (2008). Entertaining international VisitorsThe hybrid nature of tourism shows. Tourism Recreation Research, 33(2), 143149. Tourism, C., experience, T. (2016). Assessment of cultural tourism experience in selected attraction in Nanyang, Henan province in china. Journal of Tourism Hospitality, 05(02), 123-135 Zhang, J., Seo, S., Lee, H. (2013). The impact of psychological distance on Chinese customers when selecting an international healthcare service country. Tourism Management.