Travel Motivation and Tourist Typologies - 2366 Words

Numerous attempts to understand the complex inner works of human behaviour and motivation have been sought amongst researchers in the tourism field for many years. After all, motivation is ‘the trigger that sets off all events in travel’ (Parrinello, 1993 cited in Sharpley, 1994), thus making it the most indispensable subject in tourism studies. Hence, it is the aim of this paper to critically examine the different theories on travel motivations and tourism behaviour typologies and discuss their usefulness for practitioners involved in marketing and planning tourism. The first part of the discussion will be focused on the existing theories on ‘push factors’ that drive upon individuals the desire to travel, and the latter part, will look at†¦show more content†¦As a response to this, Pearce and Lee (2005) proposed the Travel Career Pattern (TCP), an approach that described the dynamic motivational structure of the tourists changing needs (during and in between holidays). Supported with empirical research, Pearce and Lee propounded that the ‘backbone’ of travel motivation consisted of four central motivations (novelty, escape/relax, relationship and self-development) present in all tourists regardless of their experience. It was argued that these central motivations had no relative change from tourist to tourist, yet it was the less-dominant motivations that modified and brought uniqueness to each individual’s motivation. Even though it is evident that Maslow’s hierarchy of needs and Pearce and Lee’s TCP have many similarities, the latter theory is of greater usefulness for practitioners in the tourism industry as it allows for a simple yet multi-dimensional understanding of motivation instead of a linear progression from one set of needs to the other. For example, if a tour operator wants to find the best way to promote a new packaged holiday for senior Chinese tourists to the UK, it may want to use the TCP in order to detect in which phase of the travel career are senior Chinese tourists and then be able to focus on the needs that motivate that specific phase. In this case, we could say that since China is a relatively new tourist-generating region, its senior citizens would certainly be in the initialShow MoreRelatedTourist Typologies and Travel Motivations3187 Words   |  13 Pagesverb â€Å"to travel† encompasses many connotations as people around the world, from different backgrounds, socio-cultural, linguistic and professional, choose to travel to a particular destination for different reasons, influenced by a variety of extrinsic and intrinsic factors. Throughout the years, many researchers in the field have sought a more academic answer to the question â€Å"Why do people travel?† It is the aim of the present paper to critically examine different authors’ views on travel motivationsRead MoreTourism Essay2568 Words   |  11 Pagesguests/tourists about the information that shows on the brochure and a further explanation of it. Theory of authenticity of tourism and tourist typology, motivation and determination are linked together with the brochure which would be expounded as well. Table of Content Introduction 1 Table of Content 2 Definition of tourism 3 Highlights and plans of the day tour 3 Theories link to brochure 3 Authenticity of the day tour 3 Theory of authenticity 3 Link to brochure 4 Tourist typology of theRead MoreTour1000653 Words   |  3 Pagesresearch? 3. Explain the relevance of a systems approach to tourism studies. 4. Identify and describe the five core elements of the basic whole tourism system. 5. What is the definition of a tourist? What are the criteria used to define a tourist? 6. What are the main travel purposes in contemporary tourism? 7. What can we learn from tourism past and present that may help us project into the future of tourism? 8. What was the Grand Tour? Does the Grand Tour have anyRead MoreExternal Factors That Influence Tourism Development And Demand2684 Words   |  11 Pagesthey not only have increased disposable income, but also sufficient time for travelling (Jang Wu, 2006). The majority of these seniors are capable, both physically and financially, of going for vacation trips, and many of them have strong motivation to travel for pleasure. The tourism industry is highly vulnerable and the industry must constantly take into account the demographic and social changes. The changing age structure in favor of the old, especially in developed countries coupled with theRead MoreNegative Impacts of Technology on Tourism2744 Words   |  11 Pagesto determine the consumer behavior for particular product or service. b. Psychological Factors There are four important psychological factors affecting the consumer buying behavior. These are: perception, motivation, learning, beliefs and attitudes. * Motivation The level of motivation also affects the buying behavior of customers. Every person has different needs such as physiological needs, biological needs, social needs etc. The nature of the needs is that, some of them are most pressingRead MoreUnderstanding Tourist Motivation and Behaviour Concerning Dark Tourism Sites3254 Words   |  14 PagesUnderstanding tourist motivation concerning the term dark tourism with a focus on Alcatraz Table of Content 1. Introduction 3 2. Abstract 4 3. The definition development of dark tourism 5 4. The different types of Dark Tourism 6 4.1. Holocaust Tourism 6 4.2. Battlefield tourism 6 4.3. Cemetery Tourism 7 4.4. Slavery-Heritage Tourism 7 4.5. Prison tourism 7 5. Motivation factors vary from person to person. 7 5.1. Belonging to a particular community and education 7 5.2. Concept of SchadenfreudeRead MoreThe Dark Tourism, The Concept1945 Words   |  8 Pagesstill yet to fully understand. The concept of Dark Tourism has been around thousands of years, dating back to before even Roman times. The idea that people from all over the country would travel to the colosseum just to see a fight to the death was a form of tourism. One academic in 2005 described it as â€Å"travel to sites of death and suffering† (Stone, 2005). Despite the attraction to this form of tourism being around for countless years, it has only recently made its way into the literature booksRead MoreOverview of Religious Tourism3240 Words   |  13 Pagesï » ¿2.2 DÐ µfÃ'â€"nÃ'â€"ng RÐ µlÃ'â€"gÃ'â€"ous Tourism Religious tourism is an ancient practice, although it has not been called this for very long. For millennia, individuals have travelled alone or in groups for religious regions. These travels have included pilgrimages, or visiting places that they considered to be holy, and making missionary trips, in which people travelled to tell others of the nature of their faith. People have also travelled simply for their own pleasure or for other personal reasons while incorporatingRead MoreEnhancing the Tourist Destination: An analysis of the Official Tourism Website of Indonesia1378 Words   |  6 Pagesdevelopment depends on language use and how to construct and define the tourist experience and destination images. As Boyer and Viallon (1994) discovered that it is not so many destinations which is integrally touristic but rather the language use creates them be touristic. This concept was then developed by Graham Dann (1996) who was one of the first scholars conducted a comprehensive socio linguistic analysis about the use of language in tourist texts and to distinguish the landscapes which portray tourismRead MoreSpecial Interest Tourism : Special Tourism2517 Words   |  11 Pagescharacterized intrests, exercises or support; is regularly used in conjuction with niche tourism marekting. While niche tourism centers upon typologies of the tourism supply. In a basic meaning, Uncommon Interest Tourism (SIT) alludes to the touristic enthusiasm to any particular fields of tourism. Douglas et. al., (2001) have endeavored to clarify this tourism typology as the specially designed essential of recreation with charming experience; that is centered by particularly verbalized gathering or

Background Information And Data Exploration Essay

Background Information and Data Exploration The data set our group chose to analyze looks at alcohol consumption for students in Portugal given a set of demographic, familial, academic and social characteristics. With this data set in particular, it is important to note that in Portugal, the legal drinking age is sixteen years old and most of the participants in the data set are of legal drinking age. One-hundred ninety-five participants out of one-thousand forty-four total participants, or 18.68%, are underage. The data set was extremely clean, as there were no missing values in the data set. Examples of the variables provided were: sex, age, address (urban v. rural), parental status (together v. apart), mother’s education, father’s education, guardianship, travel time to school, study time, number of classes failed, school support, extracurricular support, etc. Of all the provided variables, the three variables that our group chose to remove from our data set were school, reason and weekend alcohol consumption. The variable school only told the reader, whether the student attended Gabriel Pereira or Mousinho da Silveira. As a group, we justify removing this variable in order to make our findings more applicable to the general population, and not just those students who attended either of the two schools. The other variable we removed was reason. This variable represents the reason that the student attended the school that he or she did, whether it be reputation or theShow MoreRelatedData Processing And Comprehensive Geological Interpretation Of Geochemical Exploration809 Words   |  4 PagesChapter 5. Data processing and comprehensive geological interpretation of geochemical exploration in the study area Geochemical prospecting (also known as a recent geochemical survey) is a traditional prospecting discipline. The practice has proved that the methods of geochemical prospecting in mineral exploration and resource assessment is one of the most direct and efficient ways. So geochemical data is one of the important sources of data for mineral exploration, through a series of effectiveRead MoreBio 100 Appendix E Essay999 Words   |  4 Pagesremains the same. This week, review your Week Three lab instructions and assignment to become acquainted with the essential elements of each lab. 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Same-Sex Parenting Explorartory Free Essays

English 2000 18 March 2013 Is Same-Sex Parenting just as Effective as Conventional Parenting? Marriage equality is currently one of the latest civil rights issues; along with marriage equality, same-sex parenting is a controversial topic that has yet to die down. There are usually two views taken on the topic of gay parenting: it’s wrong and should be illegal or it’s normal and should be legal. Gay parenting and marriage has become publicly accepted by some and prohibited by others and the average family has developed into many different forms in the last few years. We will write a custom essay sample on Same-Sex Parenting Explorartory or any similar topic only for you Order Now The majority of society believes that child being raised by a single parent is equivalent to same-sex parents. Studies show that children with two moms or two dads grow up just as well as children with heterosexual parents. Opponents of same-sex parenting believe that just as marriage should remain traditional, parenting should also be specifically between a man and a woman, while proponents believe that DNA does not make a parent. The main issue that needs to be resolved today is if same-sex parenting is just as effective as conventional parenting throughout families. Both sides of the debate have their reasons for their beliefs that need to be explored. An argument of opponents is that same-sex relationships are infamously short-lived and will create an unstable family. By allowing same-sex couples to become parents we are ignoring what is best for children; growing up with a mother and a father. There have been many different studies conducted to get the true background of children being raised by gay parents. Mark Regnerus, Associate Professor of sociology at the University of Texas at Austin, conducted a study on young adults raised within different family arrangements. While sexual orientation or parent sexual behavior has nothing to do with the ability to be an effective parent, his data suggests that it may affect a child’s life experiences. His study reveals that â€Å"children appear most apt to succeed well as adults—on multiple counts and across a variety of domains—when they spend their entire childhood with their married mother and father, and especially when the parents remain married to the present day† (Regnerus). There are a great number of people who believe that much of the research on same-sex parenting is flawed. This stakeholder usually has a neutral stance on the issue. Judges and lawmakers have relied on a growing body of research on same-sex parenting to make decisions in cases and legislation regarding custody battles and adoption† (Homosexual Parenting). In today’s society, one must need scientific data and research on an issue to decide how it should properly be resolved. Many research ers are aware of this concept and the data usually leads to coincide with the researchers beliefs. Rabbi Daniel Lapin, the President of the conservative public advocacy group Toward Tradition, states that â€Å"flawed science is not new, right now it’s swirling around the controversial area of sexuality† (qtd. In Homosexual Parenting). Those who support that gay parenting studies are flawed believe that same-sex parenting is an issue that is based on beliefs, not scientific research. The majority of opposing views are influenced by religious motives. According to the Laws of Nature and Nature’s God, marriage exists for three purposes: companionship, sexual intimacy, and procreation (Fischer). Marriage is viewed as a religious ritual and is established for the purpose of procreation and since same-sex couples cannot conceive children, they should neither get married nor become parents. Those who disagree with same-sex parenting/same-sex marriage tend to be against homosexuality. There is fear in conservative society that being raised by homosexual parents not gives children the fair chance to live a heterosexual life. Bryan Fischer, a conservative radio host and the Director of issues Analysis for the American Family Association, same-sex parenting and adoption are a form of child abuse. In his article, he includes many scientific researches, including sociologist Mark Regenerus, which confirms same-sex relationships are unstable for children. He believes that while single parent families are an â€Å"unfortunate social tragedy† adopting children into same-sex environments is inexcusably and deliberately creating households with a missing mother or father (Fischer). Professionals trust that fathers contribute necessary ingredients to parenting that mothers cannot provide, and mothers contribute something to the nurture of children that fathers cannot provide (Fischer). The main reason people support same-sex parenting is because they support same-sex marriage. Supporters believe that homosexuals desire an equal chance versus heterosexuals at civil rights. The documentary Fatherhood Dreams follows four gay men who are fathers and shows the incentive that drives gay men to become dads. Julia Ivanoa, the Russian director, depicts the untraditional families as better alternatives than divorce and neglect towards children’s growing experience. Same-sex couples create more opportunities for other families who cannot support their children to find a better home with devoted parents. Convetional parenting, the â€Å"mom and dad† traditional way of parenting, is at an all-time low. Divorce and non-marital birth rates increase drastically every year. The quality of a marriage is proven to be a key factor in a child’s well-being. While research clearly indicates that children benefit from growing up with both biological parents in a low-conflict marriage, there has been very little rigorous research on how to promote and sustain healthy marriages. (Moore, Jekielek, and Emig). There are many sides to the same-sex parenting controversy, and all arguments give reasons to justify their beliefs. Opponents of gay parenting support traditional family arrangements between a man and a woman. Not only do they believe the importance of religion is in dang they also fear that allowing children to be raised by same-sex couples will jeopardize their chances of having a stable life in the future. Those who support gay parenting believe that homosexuals desire the right to marry and raise children freely. Everyone has their own different views regarding this issue and is subject to change; however, homosexuals are not going to stop being parents. This raises the question; are we going to continue to fight same-sex parenting? Works Citied â€Å"Homosexual Parenting Studies Are Flawed, Report Says | Fox News. † Fox News. FOX News Network, 18 July 2001. Web. 28 Feb. 2013. Fatherhood Dreams. Dir. Julia Ivanoa. Interfilm Productions, 2007. Film. Fischer, Bryan. â€Å"Bryan Fischer: Same-sex Parenting Is Bad for Kids, Period. † Bryan Fischer: Same-sex Parenting Is Bad for Kids, Period. American Family Association, 14 June 2012. Web. 28 Feb. 2013. Moore, Kristin, Anderson, Susan M. Jekielek, and Carol Emig. Marriage from a Child’s Perspective: How Does Family Structure Affect Children, and What Can We Do about It? † Child Trends. Child Trends, June 2008. Web. 28 Feb. 2013. Prager, Dennis. â€Å"Same-sex Marriage: Good for Gays, Bad for Children. † WorldNet Daily. WND Commentary, 4 May 2004. Web. 24 Feb. 2013. Regnerus, Mark. â€Å"How Different Are The Adult Children Of Parents Who Have Same-Sex Re lationships? Findings From The New Family Structures Study. † Social Science Research 41. (n. d. ): 752-770. ScienceDirect. Web. 28 Feb. 2013. How to cite Same-Sex Parenting Explorartory, Papers

Holiday Decision Survey

Question: Write an essay on "Holiday Decision Survey". Answer: 1.0 Introduction Tourism had identified the lucrative aspects that had displayed with indifferent paradoxes. In the similar context, Page (2012) determined that the tourism agencies had undertaken a high constructive and organised effort to enhance the accessibility internationally. Tourism had managed to establish an extensive influence on the public sector. The tourism consumer behaviour can recognise as the assembly of its attitudes, decisions, acts, reaction towards the tourism products and services and its post consuming reactions. Considering the previous context, Tourism experience (2016) mentioned that over the decades, tourism had witnessed a continuous. Diversification had become one of the fastest growing economic segments in the global context. Moreover, tourism had turned out to be a thriving global sector, which had the power to shape up the positive and the negative influence of the economy. Both the developed and the developing regions had contributed a significant proportion of the National Income and had managed to generate tremendous employment opportunities. It had turned out to be a fast growing serving sector and carries huge potentials for its further expansion and diversifications. According to Ryan Collins (2008), a high percentage of the customer segment initiates the tourism services to experience refreshment. Therefore, the tourism marketers target the tourism that prefers the holiday-centric services. The present study focuses on the 6 destinations, which include Barossa Valley, Spain, France, Italy, Las Vegas, New Zealand, Hong Kong and Gold Coast. The current study evaluates on the pros and cons of the tourism initiatives taken by the marketers of the specific destinations. The analysis would be done exclusively on the primary data. 3 respondents have been selected or the particular subject. Based on the feedbacks, strategic recommendations would be provided to one of the tourist marketers to improve its attraction measures. 2.0 Analysing the behavioural aspects of the selected respondents with the support of personality theory The tourist that initiates the tourism services for the holiday purpose experiences different types of treatments. In the particular inference, Petr (2015) determined that the customers prefer to experience a premium level of services. Therefore, the monetary expenditure does not matter much to the tourists that prefer the premium level of services. In the majority of the cases, the customers prefer to initiate the services of the tourist attractions that are well decorated. In the similar context, Miao Mattila (2011) asserted that the psychology of the customers works in the manner that the greater percentage of expenditure can return higher proportionate of value. Therefore, the holiday tourist segment prefers to initiate the destinations that charge a premium range of the capitals. Contrary to the latter statement, Goeldner Ritchie (2011) claimed that with the increasing rate of the literacy, the customers are getting typical regarding the tourism services. Therefore, the custom ers have generated idea and knowledge with regards to the tourism practices. Hence, the majority of the tourists undergoes a thorough research of the offered services and the overall all activities of the attractions before perceiving the services. The behavioural action of the tourist segment and the personal influence had been analysed with the support of the self-congruity theory. Kattara et al. (2008) stated that the self-congruity theory represents the match and the mismatch of the perceptions between the individuals. The theory indicates that the maximum percentages of the tourists prefer to showcase the dedication towards the brand image of the tourist destinations. Based on the distinct perception, the visitors determines on the brand choice. Investigating on the feedbacks of the first three respondents (1,2 and 3) an assumption can be made that the visitors are ready to initiate the service that places the price at a moderate level. The visitor prefer to spend a maximum ten ure of 5 days. Thus, the visitors are comfortable with the price ranging within $2000. Considering on the opinion of the 1st respondent, the destination based decisions are made after analysing on the value derived proportion and price affordability plays a major role in the decision making as well. The opinions of the samples regarding the pricing policy of the chosen destinations are indifferent. Conversely, amongst the three respondents, 2 signify that the pricing configuration of Spain, France and Italy are highly unsatisfactory. The respondents have asserted that the accommodation offerings of the specified destinations are highly standardised. Morrison (2013) notified that the customers get easily convinced by the high profile offering. However, the affordability of perceiving the services creates the significant differences. 3.0 Evaluating the behaviour of the selected respondents using the demographic theory The customers' attitudes with respect to the demographic concept had been scrutinised with the support of the Marx demographic theory. As per the opinion of Konu (2015), the global population is entirely reliable on the social and the economic aspects. Inference can be drawn from the above evaluation that the strength of the community gets minimised due to the lack of social and economic support. Zhang et al. (2013) asserted that visitors prefer to invest the destinations that offer the positive encouragement. The research conducted by the previous scholars denotes that the majority of the visitors undertake the holiday services to break down the routine schedules. On the other hand, a certain percentage of the travellers undertake the similar range of services to gain a better experience, which can be implied in the regular hectic schedule as a fatigue handling initiatives. Hence, the social gathering is highly beneficial to create a positive vibration. The particular action facilit ates the travellers to gain a refined experience from the holiday trip. Supporting the latter context, O'Cass Sok (2015) specified that the corrective social gathering and positive behavioural aspects of the external population are highly necessitated to enhance the recreational measures. The feedbacks of the three respondents lead to the direction that the maximum percentages of the tourist prefer receiving the value added services other than the unique ones from the trip. The economic up gradation creates a direct influence on the infrastructural upliftment policy of the destinations. The visitors prefer visiting Gold Coast and Las Vegas due to its lucrative accommodation services. Both the destinations had utilised the economic resources in the productive manner, which led the attractions to attain the maximum visitors' preferences. The feedback of the second respondent reflects that the social gathering and the activities conducted by the destinations had been highly lucrative. Therefore, the customers find the specific destination to be economic and the social outing creates a positive encouragement on the visitors. It serves to be a significant recreational aspect for the tourists. Evaluating on the responses of the selected samples, inference can be drawn that 4.0 Recommendations The attraction measures of the six tourism destinations had been extremely lucrative. Conversely, the tourism actions initiated by the marketers of Spain, France and Italy (option 1) lags specifically in the pricing measures. Thus, despite receiving the affirmative reactions of the visitors in the social networking sites, the regions somehow fails to convince the customers to make a revisit in the specific tourist destination. Therefore, the strategic recommendations had been provided to the market of the chosen destination to amplify its attraction measures. The recommendations are initiated after evaluating the demands and expectation of the visitors with regards to Spain, France and Italy destinations. The strategic initiatives are: Limiting the service tenure The service tenure for the holiday tourism is quite long (Morrison, 2013). The feedback of the samples forecasts that the holiday trip 15 nights is too long, which is a complete waste of the financial resources. The respondents are comfortable with the tenure of 5 days or nights. Since, the marketers of the specific destination kept a long tenure, therefore, the budget had been kept high without any inclusion of unique offerings. Therefore, reducing the 15-night tenure to 5 days would be the smart effort to mitigate the budget deficit. It would help the markets to construct a reasonable budget for the entire trip package. It would enact to be the useful measures formulate the tourist plan within the expected range of the visitors. Creating an effective pricing strategy The package offerings of the destination are comparatively expensive. Therefore, despite the executing an interest towards the region, the visitors prefer to look for an alternative within an affordable range (Konu, 2015). However, certain percentages of the customers prefer to initiate the holiday services exclusively for the recreation and experience, therefore, believes the trip package and the price range of Spain, France and Italy do not even match with the expectation. The customers are ready to make expenditure within the budget of $1500 - $2500. Whereas, Spain, France and Italy change $ 10,990 for 15 days, which is irrelevant and almost three times more than the price range of Las Vegas, Hong Kong and Gold Coast. The marketer can follow the policy of providing the flight tickets of economic class other than the business class to limit the price range. Conclusion Evaluating the study, it had been concluded that the visitors prefer to experience that value added service at an affordable price range. Therefore, the marketers that had included enormous service measures within the tour package needs to screen on its efficacy and keep the efficient ones. The holiday tenure of 5 days is sufficient to create an impressive impact on the visitors. References: Goeldner, C. R., Ritchie, J. B. R. (2011). Tourism: Principles, practices, philosophies (12th ed.). United States: Wiley, John Sons. Holden, A. (2007). Environment and tourism (2nd ed.). London: Taylor Francis. Kattara, H. S., Weheba, D., El-Said, O. A. (2008). The impact of employee behaviour on customers service quality perceptions and overall satisfaction. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 8(4), 309323. Konu, H. (2015). Developing nature-based tourism products with customers by utilising the Delphi method. Tourism Management Perspectives, 14, 4254. Miao, L., Mattila, A. S. (2011). The impact of other customers on customer experiences: A psychological distance perspective. Journal of Hospitality Tourism Research, 37(1), 7799. Morrison, A. M. (2013).Marketing and managing tourism destinations. New York: Routledge. OCass, A., Sok, P. (2015). An exploratory study into managing value creation in tourism service firms: Understanding value creation phases at the intersection of the tourism service firm and their customers. Tourism Management, 51, 186200. Page, S. (2012). Tourism management.Tourism Management,33(3), 724725. Petr, C. (2015). How heritage site tourists may become monument visitors. Tourism Management, 51, 247262. Ryan, C., Collins, A. B. (2008). Entertaining international VisitorsThe hybrid nature of tourism shows. Tourism Recreation Research, 33(2), 143149. Tourism, C., experience, T. (2016). Assessment of cultural tourism experience in selected attraction in Nanyang, Henan province in china. Journal of Tourism Hospitality, 05(02), 123-135 Zhang, J., Seo, S., Lee, H. (2013). The impact of psychological distance on Chinese customers when selecting an international healthcare service country. Tourism Management.

Modest Proposal By Swift Essays - Pamphlets, A Modest Proposal

Modest Proposal By Swift In Jonathan Swift's essay, "A Modest Proposal", Swift proposes that the poor should eat their own starving children during a great a famine in Ireland. What would draw Swift into writing to such lengths. When times get hard in Ireland, Swift states that the children would make great meals. The key factor to Swift's essay that the reader must see that Swift is not literally ordering the poor to cannibalize. Swift acknowledges the fact of the scarcity of food and empathizes with the struggling and famished souls of Ireland through the strange essay. Being of high society Britain, which at the time mothered Ireland, Swift utilizes his work to satirically place much of the blame on England itself. Through his brilliant stating of the fact that the children cost money as well as aid in the drought of food and necessities the reader can get an idea of the suffering on going in Ireland; this brings the reader to see that instead of keeping the children their parents should either eat them or sell them on an open market. By wasting the scarce food in Ireland, the people are killing themselves; thus the children can be consumed saving food and at the same time making food. It is interesting to see how well Swift conveys his view towards the poor in this odd manor. Swift sees how the poor are treated by the affluent who may think that the impoverished are the reason for Ireland's food problems. In fact, the entire essay is nothing more than sarcastic piece that deeply imbeds the blame upon the rich who he feels might have just as much or even more blame on Ireland's food problems than the poor ever have. Swift intelligently uses his common sense logic in a strange way to convey his feelings about this predicament. Swift goes to great lengths to intelligently show these feelings. The ways at which Swift camouflages his ideas and thoughts throughout this essay brought many readers at the time to think that he actually wanted Ireland to revert to eating their children. His employment of such literary elements of irony, mix cynicism, and pure contextual reaction from the reader help to map the entire essay. Thoughout the work, Swift persistently relies upon the use of irony. It is quite apparent that no rational human being would bring themselves to eating the flesh of another, which also adds to the irony of the story. Another interesting point of reflection is the fact that although Swift has children of his own, his are grown and his wife can no longer bear any more. Because of this fact, it is clear that further analysis would show that this work is purely fictional and cannot be taken literally. Many people of the time actually did take Swift's recollections literally, which brought about much condemnation to Swift as a literary writer. Cynical readers of the time had come to expect such a voice from one like Swift. From the first sentence of the essay, Swift begins to fool the reader by applying the dreary atmosphere of starvation in Ireland. For example, Swift keenly routes to the beggars in the streets with there starving children close at hand. It must be brought to attention that Swift's piece shows much remorse for the poor especially the children of the poor, even though it doesn't state this quite so clearly. Swift does not feel that the starving children are of no use for the Irish people, except for being expended of. He may state that the children of the rich hold Ireland's future in hand and the children of the poor. It is his combination of feelings between the rich and impoverished which brings the reader to see all directions to which the essay will embrace. Furthermore, this roots to the many underlying statements, which emerge all throughout the story. Swift clearly holds deep resentment directed to those who blame those who are forced on bringing themselves to begging for food and wandering the streets. Though he indifferently speaks of the needy as "dead and rotting," Swift is being nothing more than satirical. What better way of ending poverty and strife in Ireland than wiping out all of the young generations, which would delete all of the destitute generations to come. Bringing the children to an open market would allow the wealthy citizens to purchase them for dining reasons. The skins of the ?carcasses' could be utilized to make gloves for the ladies. The hardened soles of

Essay on How marketing strategy can build customer loyalty

Essay on How marketing strategy can build customer loyalty Essay on How marketing strategy can build customer loyalty Essay on How marketing strategy can build customer loyalty  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Today the hotel industry is considered to be a global industry because customers and producers can be found in all parts of the world. For many customers, such services and hotel facilities as guestrooms, restaurants, bars, spa centers and a wide range of wellness services are â€Å"no longer considered a luxury† (Carev, 2008, p. 10). Marketing strategy aimed at building customer loyalty plays an important role in the hotel industry. Researchers believe that â€Å"in the last decades, demand for supply of hospitality services beyond that of traditional services intended for travelers have escalated the growth of the hospitality industry globally, leading to intense competition in the marketplace† (Carev, 2008, p. 11). Recent studies of the effectiveness of the hotel industry point out to the fact that it is necessary to improve loyalty of customers by â€Å"promoting interpersonal service encounters to build long-term relationships between customers and hotels† (Wang, 2007, p. 23). Today researchers provide massive opportunities for the successful marketing operations in the hotel industry. Hotel organizations face considerable challenges caused by the increased rate of competition. According to researchers, â€Å"competition has major implications for the customer, providing increased choice, greater value for money and augmented level of service† (Carev, 2008, p. 11). This study discusses how marketing strategy can build customer loyalty in the hotel industry.Research objectives  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The major research objectives include:To explore the role of marketing strategy in building customer loyalty in the hotel industry;To assess the proper strategies aimed at expanding customer loyalty;To find the proper ways to measure customer loyalty in the hotel industry.Rationale of the studyThis study is focus ed on exploring one of the most significant issues in the hotel industry marketing – the role of customer loyalty in the hotel industry. Marketing strategy can effectively build customer loyalty, providing benefits to customers and making hotel organizations more appealing due to price discounting. Hotel organizations should be focused on the delivery of high quality services to ensure customer satisfaction, which has a strong impact on the loyalty of customers (Liu, 2008).Definition of the key termsCustomer loyaltyCustomer satisfactionCustomer valueLiterature review  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This section reviews the literature on the role of marketing strategy in building the loyalty of customers in hotel industry. Marketing strategy specially developed for customer loyalty programs in the hotel industry guarantees success if the loyalty of potential customers is properly measured and expanded.Building customer loyalty is crucial in the successful implement ation of marketing strategy in the field of hotel industry. According to researchers, â€Å"since the beginning of the 1990s, customer loyalty has gained importance both in relationship marketing research and in business†(Cahill, 2006, p. 6). In the hotel industry, the loyalty of customers can be attributed to the increased role of changing competition environments. Marketers should assess the potential value generated by the loyalty of customers (Cahill, 2006). In other words, they should assess how loyal are the consumers of their products and services. The relationship marketing approach allows finding the proper strategies to expand customer loyalty (Cahill, 2006).Besides, it has been found that there is a close relationship between customer loyalty and the organization’s profitability. As a result, marketing strategy plays an important role in building customer loyalty, which affects the hotel organization’s profitability (Carev, 2006). Researchers state th at â€Å"when a company retains just 5 percent more of its customers, profits increase by 25 percent to 125 percent† (Carev, 2006, p. 3). Marketers need the appropriate information to develop effective marketing strategies aimed at loyal customers.In addition, customer loyalty can be recognized as the key factor in the development of any business organization.   Kandampully and Suhartanto (2000) explore the relationship between customer loyalty, customer satisfaction, and the company’s image. The researchers have identified the key factors of the company’s image and customer satisfaction that have a positive relation to the loyalty of customers in the hotel industry (Kandampully Suhartanto, 2000). They provided the information taken from the chain of hotels located in New Zealand. It has been revealed that â€Å"hotel image and customer satisfaction with the performance of housekeeping, reception, food and beverage, and price are positively correlated to cus tomer loyalty† (Kandampully Suhartanto, 2000, p. 346).It is very important to understand that in order to expand customer loyalty, it is necessary to increase customer satisfaction. According to researchers, â€Å"low quality service leads to low satisfaction, discouraging guests form returning†(Carev, 2006, p. 1).   Actually, this assumption is taken into consideration by many hotel owners who are focused on expansion of loyalty (Carev, 2006). In other words, a hotel organization should provide high quality services to gain customer satisfaction and expand customer loyalty. Researchers suggest that hotel managers and hotel executives should use the proper strategies to influence the quality of services, brand loyalty, brand image and brand awareness in the hotel organizations, taking into consideration the relations between customer loyalty and brand equity (Kayaman Huseyin, 2007).In addition, hotel organizations aimed at expanding customer loyalty have more chance s to avoid certain challenges caused by competition. Service quality is the key factor that helps to expand the loyalty of potential customers. Hotel organizations provide effective loyalty programs that can be viewed as marketing strategy aimed at enhancing customer loyalty (Kayaman Huseyin, 2007; Wang, 2007). According to researchers, â€Å"corporate image is influenced both by service quality and customer satisfaction, which in turn influences customer loyalty† (Kandampully Hu, 2007, p. 434). In other words, the key to expanding customer loyalty is to foster the image of the hotel organization through improved service quality and an increased number of satisfying customers (Kandampully Hu, 2007).Measuring loyalty stands for measuring the loyalty factors that includes the following aspects:saying positive things about the hotel;recommending the hotel to other customers who need the advice in this field;encouraging other customers to use the services of this hotel;conside ring the hotel the best option to buy services or products;maintaining business relationships with the hotel in the next years (Carev, 2008, p. 16).As customer loyalty helps to protect the hotel organization from the effects of direct competition, measuring loyalty guarantees positive outcomes. It is very important to place emphasis on the dynamism of competition forces to assess customer value and its impact on the loyalty of customers. In general, marketers can measure customer loyalty by assessing the intention of customers to repurchase the services provided by the hotel organization, as well as by assessing customer satisfaction (Brennan et al., 2010; Carev, 2008). Those hotel organizations that are aimed at measuring the loyalty of their customers are focused on measuring customer satisfaction (Pearson, 2012). In some cases, they may face serious challenges because customer satisfaction is considered to be â€Å"the Trojan horse of loyalty† (Pearson, 2012, p. 56).   H otel organizations should develop the proper marketing strategy that will make investment in the so-called loyal customers, who will promote enduring relationships in the field of the hotel industry (Pearson, 2012). Besides, customer loyalty can be measured by â€Å"environmental attribute, managerial attribute and social attribute† (Liu, 2008, p. 49). These attributes give explanation to customer behavior and the intention to repurchase products and services. Marketers should take into consideration the changing tastes of customers in order to improve the quality of products and services (Liu, 2008).Marketing strategy should be focused on building the relationship with customers. According to recent research â€Å"inspired by the airlines’ success, most major hotel chains have developed loyalty programs that reward customers for repeat business†(Hu et al., 2010, p. 128).   The effectiveness of reward programs in building the relationships with loyal customers help to alter certain patterns of their behavior. The timing of rewards has a strong impact on customer loyalty for the hotel industry due to the moderated customer satisfaction (Hu et al., 2010).Research questionsThere are several research questions that help to discuss the importance of customer loyalty in the hotel industry:Is customer loyalty really critical to doing a successful business in the hotel industry field?What value does a satisfied customer may return to the hotel organization?Critical discussion of data /evidence required  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The key factors that influence the development of customer loyalty in the hotel industry should be properly assessed. It has been found that the most important determinant for customer loyalty is customer satisfaction (Carev, 2008, p. 10). The main issues for the discussion should be focused on quality of services which may encourage customers’ satisfaction and make customers perform the repeating visits to the same hotel organization (Rosenbaum et al., 2005). The required data or evidence is valid and can be effectively used in the research. Critical review of different studies on the role of marketing strategy in building customer loyalty has been done based on the useful evidence-based sources.

Newly engaged couple hears that you are taking a course in Research Paper

Newly engaged couple hears that you are taking a course in interpersonal communication, and wants advice for their relationship - Research Paper Example (Krauss and Fussell, n.d). 1. The principles and misconceptions in effective interpersonal communications The level of communication in any particular situation determines what kind of social behavior will take place between the concerned individuals. (Krauss and Fussell, n.d). For example, with a couple like yours who are newly engaged and experiencing problems with interpersonal communication have to concentrate extremely hard on improving the communication between the two of you if the said relationship is to be sustained and nurtured over time. In couple’s relationships, communication sort of becomes the glue that holds the two people together. The more open and honest the communication level is between the two of you, the closer you will be and the less open and more strained the communication level is between the two of you the farther apart you will be and the more chances there will be of this relationship falling apart. Research on the matter has determined that commu nication does mediate behavior, but it is still hazy on how exactly it accomplishes this. (Krauss and Fussell, n.d). This could be because the topics under question are very intangible and cannot be quantified and tested easily and also because they vary with situation. Since every situation is case specific, we cannot generalize completely how exactly communication will affect interpersonal relations. For example, imagine a scenario where you guys have a fight. Both of you are angry, but your reactions as a result of this anger may be completely different. Sara, you may prefer to fume quietly and be more passive aggressive and Tim, you might be more vocal in your anger. Another couple in the midst of an angry fight might have completely different reactions. When communicating with one another you also have to be careful to catch, identify and correctly respond to any signs and symbols used during the communication by your partner. Knowledge and understanding of signs comes from kno wledge of the world. (Krauss and Fussell, n.d). For example, tears are a sign of sadness and smiling is a sign of happiness. However these are simplistic examples and in reality in your relationship you two will be faced with more complex signs to interpret. You both will have to watch out for facial expressions, body language and posture etc of the other as signs of what they are feeling. These signs may be specific to each one of you, but being around each other will provide you knowledge about them and help you interpret them better. Symbolic behavior includes the use of language; for example, Sara, if Tim says ‘I am upset’ it is a symbol of how he is feeling and this symbol helps him express his inner feelings to you. (Krauss and Fussell, n.d). One more thing to note is that the production of signs is inherent, while the production of symbols is learned. (Krauss and Fussell, n.d). Further, the two of you must realize that not only the spoken word counts as communica tion. All behavior counts as communication because even the smallest facial expressions and mood swings have the tendency to emotionally affect the other person. (Krauss and Fussell, n.d). Both of you should be aware of your own and each other’s behavior and how it affects you emotionally. Often talking about these indications will clear matters out and avoid them from

How Did Mobile Phones Change Cameroon Term Paper

How Did Mobile Phones Change Cameroon - Term Paper Example 9 Works Cited 11 1) What Are The Factors Or Forces In Your Selected Country (Cameroon), Which Leads To Rapid Development Of Mobile Phones? If So Why? Why Is It Faster? An important factor or force that has led towards the development of mobile phones in Cameroon has been related with socio-cultural issues. Increase in per-capita income of the probable users can recognize a major socio-cultural factor for increase in mobile phones in Cameroon. The availability of set out legal and regulatory frameworks to install and set up mobile phone towers has also provided significant benefits towards the growth. Highly advanced and appropriate technology is the other factor that must be considered for better development of the mobile phones according to the huge demand of consumers. In recent years in countries such as Cameroon, subscription of mobile phones has enlarged due to availability of mobile phones at lower costs. A large section of populace has started to use mobile phones in Sub-Sahar an Africa such as Cameroon in the period in between 2000 to 2008 can be apparently witnessed from the growth of mobile phone users from 16 million to 376 million. In some African countries mobile phone is generally used for oral communication instead of reading or typing text messages as these countries have a high level of illiteracy. With regards to Cameroon, cost is an important factor and therefore companies provide the facility of internet access in the handsets in much cheaper sets (Aker & Mbiti, â€Å"Mobile Phones and Economic Development in Africa†). Mobile phone service is highly profitable and is expanding in the emerging markets very rapidly. The growth and the development of the mobile phones have gained a strong position with rise in the population density in Cameroon. The profitability of the mobile phones is related to the demand factors. Apart from this, previously landline connections were being used and it required wires on every road with fewer lines in ea ch for every connection, which turned out to be very expensive. Therefore, mobile phone mechanism evolved that provided a service station within 5-10 kilometers radius which is much cheaper than landlines. Hence, it was found that the use of mobile phones proved to be most effective and gained acceptance among the consumers (Banks & Burge, â€Å"Mobile Phones: An Appropriate Tool for Conservation and Development†). 2) What Is The Status Of Mobile Phones In Cameroon? (Mobile Phone Generation, In Relation With Fixed Phones, Compare With Other Countries, Such As SAR, Bostwana, USA, Korean) The mobile phone revolution is felt across-the-board throughout Cameroon. It has been noted that there has been tremendous rise in the demand for the mobile phone after the liberalization took place in Cameroon by the government in the year 2000. With the invention of liberalized mobile phones administration in Cameroon, there has been rise in the competition among the private companies so tha t customers can be attracted. The figure below shows the mobile phone usage in Cameroon from the year 1996 to the year 2010: Mobile phone is considered as asset in numerous towns and villages of Cameroon. Alike most of the African countries, Cameroonian telecommunication sector has gained huge advantage from the spectacular development since the year 2000 (Zebaze, C. D., â€Å"Impact of Liberalisation of Trade in Services on Africa: Case of

Financial statements interpretation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Financial statements interpretation - Essay Example The main reason is that the ratios are simple to calculate. Moreover, they provide a standard for comparison between companies or between the company and the industry in general. They can also be applied to various time periods of the same company and can provide valuable information related to the trend and future prospects (Pendlebury and Groves, 2004). The ratios that are chosen for analyzing VDB Limited include Operating Profit Margin, Return on Assets, Current Ratio, Quick Ratio, Average Collection Period, Stock turnover period. The ratios are computed for VDB Limited based on the financial statements provided for the two years. This will provide a base for comparison of the The profit margin is the measure of the company's ability to earn profit from the generated revenue. This is a very important and crucial ratio as this depicts the earning capacity of the company (Samuels et al, 2000). It is clear from the values that the profit margin has declined steeply in 2008 relative to 2007. Though the revenue is much higher in 2008, the purchases and the expenses are relatively higher and hence lesser profits. This ratio measures the income generating ability of the assets. ... This ratio is necessary, since the income or the earnings is given higher importance and a company should not only have high revenues, but should also earn the income from it. The return on assets is computed as Return on Assets = (Net Income / Total Assets) * 100 Profitability 2007 2008 Return on Assets 10.53% 7.89% It is evident that the assets are not being utilized at the same level as that of 2007. The income generating ability of the assets has come down in 2008. iii. Current Ratio: The current ratio is a measure of the company's ability to cover its current liabilities using its current assets (Samuels et al, 2000). It is computed as Current Ratio = Current Assets / Current Liabilities Ratio 2007 2008 Current Ratio 3.16 2.96 The current ratio is a measure of liquidity and it indicates that VDB Limited is well positioned in terms of liquidity and will be able to cover its liabilities. Though the ratio has reduced in 2008, it is still very substantial and a healthy value. iv. Quick Ratio: The quick ratio is a measure of the company's ability to cover its current liabilities using its liquid assets. The assets included in this ratio are those which can be easily converted to cash (Samuels et al, 2000). It is computed as Quick Ratio = (Current Assets - Inventories) / Current Liabilities Ratio 2007 2008 Current Ratio 1.5 1.48 VDB Limited has sufficient liquid assets to cover the current liabilities. There is no change in the quick ratio in 2008. v. Average Collection Period: The time period (no. of days) taken to collect the receivables is a crucial measure that illustrates the company's ability to collect the debts (Samuels et al, 2000). It is computed as Average Collection Period = (Average (net) Receivables) / Net Sales) *

Impact of Bullying and Cyber Bullying on Adolescents

Impact of Bullying and Cyber Bullying on Adolescents Introduction It has been long believed that bulling is a part of growing up and since they are only children, they do not know that they are possibly causing harm. This is not the case, bullies act with the sole intent to inflict mental and or physical harm to their chosen victim for their own personal gratification. Bulling and Cyber Bulling are becoming major issues in our society and the problem is ever increasing. Since rapid advancement of personal communication devices especially smart phone and applications that use social media, it has become simpler for bullies at access their victims twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week. This occurs covertly, no one is the wiser unless the intended victim speaks up, this rarely occurs. How do we are educators help address the issue of bulling, harassment and cyber bulling, so it does not have a negative effect on the students academic and social achievements. How do we as a society, stop this culture of abuse that is affecting a generation of teen agers. It is the duty of educators to support students who are being targeted and to help them to discover the tools on how to survive, this dark side of growing up in todays society The Digital Society In society, technology is paving the way we communicate with the world around us. The number of people joining and participating in social media is growing on a daily basis. We have adopted this technology into ever facete of our lives, from work, to school, to the home. Adolescents today are growing up in this ever-changing digital world, but are we as their guides, giving them the tools to survive in it. According to Federal Justice Department in the United States of America each month one out of four children will be targeted for abuse by their peers, either in the playground or via Personal communication devices. What is bulling, how can we recognise it? Types of Bulling The definition of bulling can be quite broad, the NSW education department as the repeated physical, social, verbal, and psychological abuse defines it. It involves the constant abuse of power by a group or an individual by one or more people. Physical Bulling includes hitting, kicking, tripping, pinching, pushing, anything that affects the victims body, this does include sexual abuse or the destruction of a persons property. Verbal Bulling is name-calling, insults, teasing, and intimidation, homophobic, sexist, and racist remarks. Other styles of bulling is covert bulling, it is harder to recognise and can be carried out behind the victims back. It is intended to destroy someones social standing or to cause humiliation. It includes lying about the person, spreading rumours, negative facial or physical gestures, menacing or contemptuous looks, playing nasty jokes to embarrass and humiliate, mimicking, encouraging other to socially other to socially exclude someone. Cyber Bulling is a perfect example of covert bullying tactics. This type of bulling takes it to a completely new level of cruelty by using digital technologies. By using mobile phones to harass their victim, setting up defamatory websites or facebook pages, spreading rumours via social media sites such as facebook, myspace, instagram, snapchat. Previous generations of teenagers who have been the victims of bulling were able to seek refuge from the daily torture at home, now thank to mobile phones and social media the bullies have destroyed this refuge and get access to their victim anytime they want. Bulling can be a public incident or private, and in some cases only known to the parties involved. So if it is only known to the people involved, how do educators combat it? Glamorization Bullying in schools is an often-glamorized in Hollywood movies depicted in high school teen comedies, for example Mean Girls, a movie about social acceptance, isolation and gaining a self worth from the pain of others. What they do not show are the effects of bullying on their intended victim. Bulling is not a mutual disagreement or an isolated incident of social rejection or nastiness. It is not a random act of aggression or intimidation. The oxford dictionary definition of harassment is the unwanted or warranted conduct on the grounds of race, gender, sexual orientation, which has the purpose or effect of either violating the claimants dignity, of creating an intimidating, hostile, degrading, humiliating or offensive environment. This is when it can get confusion as all bulling is harassment, but not all harassment is bulling. So how do adolescents tell the difference? Target Acquired The bullies target students who are not part of an established social group at school, such as new students or those who suffer from health or learning disabilities as well as students who have trouble fitting in socially, as well as jealously. For bulling to occur there needs to be a power difference between the two parties; unfair fights where the person who bullies has an advantage or power over the person who is being victimized. Bullying is not the same as a disagreement, it is about the abuse of power. The effects of bulling can be short term and long term effects for the victims. Although severe long term effects can be avoided by someone intervening as soon as possible. The intervening party does not have to be a parent, teacher or adult in a position of authority, it is more effective in eradication of bulling, if one of the victims classmates steps in to stop it. Why did we as a society, think that this behaviour was harmless? Long and Short Term Effects The effects of bulling can be quite broad, they can range from falling grades, depression, anxiety; an increased sense of loneliness, sadness, isolation, there can be changes in sleep and eating patterns. Activities that the victim once enjoyed, suddenly they do not what to be involved. Sadly, these issues do not rectify themselves and can continue into the adolescents, life after school. The long term effects can include a higher risk of depression and issues with a low self-esteem later in life, there is links that teenagers that bullied in their teens are more likely to have problems with drugs, alcohol and promiscuity. In some extreme cases, bullied teenagers have attempted and succeeded in ending their lives, to end their suffering. As this issue continues to grow, schools have been trying to implement a Zero tolerance policy on all types of bulling. School needs to be a safe place for all students, as a safe place gives students the ability and the confidence to learn. Bulling and cyber bulling can turn the classroom environment from a place of knowledge to a living nightmare, which students end up dreading. Bulling is the cause of up to 15% of all school absenteeism. It does not only affect a victims attendance, but it can also affect their ability to focus and participate in the classroom. There is also a high probability of the victim dropping out of school, so they do not need to confront their bully any longer. The victims ability to focus is continually compromised; they worry about what the bully will do next, where the bully will be during the lunch break. The Digital World The internet and social media use have grown in the past ten years. Adolescents have access to the internet and personal communication devices in their bedrooms away from parental supervision. In previous years, the only way adolescents had to communicate with the outside world from their home was the telephone in a communal area and a desktop computer again in a communal area. Parents were able to monitor everything that was being said or sent to their teenager. Social networking websites have become increasingly popular among teenagers, as a place where they can meet friends and new people, communicate and exchange information. The type of relationships for teenagers have evolved to a level that has never been experienced on this scale. Social media is the main contributor of this change. Adolescents have the facilities to communicate with people, young and old from all over the globe. For the first time in our history, geographical barriers are no longer a issue for communication. No longer waiting on the postman for letters, worried about different time zones to make a phone call, adolescents have instant results with the use of social media. There has been a positive outcome due to Social media; teenagers who are active on social media sites are more social and well adjusted than their not connected peers. This technology are tools for todays adolescents, it develops social bonds, their identities, and an ability to communicate with others including teachers, classmates, absent parents. â€Å"Teens who spend their time on social networking sites are actually the healthiest psychologically according to new accumulating evidence from a report from Psychological Science. (N. Murashev, May 2011) Even so, the destruction these devices are used for, negates any positive attributes. Social Networking Social networking has created new ways to communicate, share information and meet new people. Even with all the positive possibilities associated with social networking. Like with everything, there are risks that are associated with the use or misuse of this technology. It stay safe online teenagers need to know the risks and how to protect themselves online, from bullies and predators. People are able to be anonymous, anominity gives people a sense of freedom, they can be whoever they want to be, freedom to say and do without any consequences. Bullies are able to use the personal information posted online to gain an insight in how to torture them. Cyber Bulling is a methodical, planned method of violence and torture, affect teenagers. As mentioned earlier, it has the potential to lead to anxiety, depression, self harm, and even suicide. The Cyber Bullies use social media, text messages and email to harass their victim. The bullies tactics are to send mean messages, start disparaging rumours, posting hurtful comments and unflattering pictures, altering images to depict the victim, these can be through social media sites, emails and text messages, these can be done by direct contact or public comments or private messages to others about the victim. According to Cyber bulling statistics: Over half of adolescents and teenagers have been subjected to online bullying, the same amounts of adolescents have engaged in cyber bulling. More than half of young people do not tell their parents or teacher that they have experienced cyber bulling. The best way to stop cyber bulling is to educate adolescents about the consequences of cyber bulling and what they need to do to stop it occurring if they are ever bullied. Bullies like to act covertly, it is where they gain their power, by opening up communication channels, and bullies can no longer hide in the shadows of the online world or the playgrounds. Unfortunately, most adolescents do not feel comfortable talking to parents and teachers about their experiences of being bullied. However, why does it stop, victims of bullying telling their true friends. Why are their friends staying silent as well? We drill into young children when in early primary school, not to tattle tale. Have we made a rod for our own backs, by teaching this? We should be drilling into them, which if someone is hurting you or your friends tell your teacher, tell the world. If you bring light onto the subject, bullies can no longer hide in the shadows or behind a computer screen. Consequences or lack of Bulling is going to be a continuing issue within the education system. The law cannot keep up with this every changing cyber world. Even though it is starting to catch up to the technology, there are now serious consequences if caught cyber bullying. Depending on what was done during the bulling, consequences can range from punishments at the school level to criminal charges. It is the repetitive nature of bulling that is the cause of the anxiety to the victims, the anticipation of bulling becomes as problematic as the actual bulling. The consequences of bulling were once name calling and possible push and shove in the playground. In recent years, the consequences of schoolyard bulling have taken a more serious turn; more and more frequently, bullied students are turning to violence. Bullies adolescents feeling that there is no other option, retaliate in a deadly manner, attacking their persecutors and any other students and teachers. These tragedies have caused more awareness and fe ar among, parents, other Adolescents, educators, as well as the Police Force about the effects of bulling. The response of the education system and law enforcement has not been fast or strong enough for the families of bullying victims who had felt they had no other choice, than to end their lives to end the torture. Conclusion There is no quick fix, to this epidemic, if at all. Educators and parents can only protect the victims, if they speak up. There is no way to eradicate bullying from our society; it is engrained within Australian society. However, as educators we can try to bring it out from the shadows. Name and shame bullies, have it part of their permanent record, most bullies will continue the behaviour into adulthood, especially if they got away with in as a teenager. Bulling is no longer contained to the schoolyard, bus, or train, it enters our homes, and it destroys lives, families, futures, and communities. Victims feel isolated, unsupported; it is one the main reason why dropout rates are high. Bulling is causing a generation of young people to have low self-esteem, depression issues not only while the abuse is occurring but into their adult life. Teenagers who are bullied are more likely to develop future academic problems and psychological difficulties. School should offer support groups fo r the ones being bullied on and the ones doing the bullying. There should be harsher penalties, as these adolescents know what they are doing and know that their choice to bully with hurt someone. No one should have to feel like the only way to deal with a situation is to harm themselves of others. Bulling is doing them more harm than good. They need to know that there are different ways to handle a situation like talking about it with friends, families, and teachers. We must step up and help others know how to deal with this issue. There is no reason to let anyone friend or stranger get picked on. We need to provide an inclusive environment for adolescents to stand up and prevent bullying in their micro chasm of a community. It will spread to the wider community. Lets turn on a light. References Attorney General Martha Coakley, http://.mas.gov Eagle Triune, (16 January, 2011) http:// www.eagletribune.com Ralph, L, Berglas, N, Schwarts, S.., and Brinidis, C (2011) Finding Teens in TheirSpace: Social Networking Sites to Connect youth to Sexuality Research and Social Policy, 8(1). 38-49 From Research library Molly O’Toole (2011 September 2) Social Media use linked to smoking, alcohol. Times Colonist, p.6. Retrieved from Canadian Newsstand. Natasha Murashev, Social Times, (May 2010) http://www.socialtimes.com Science Daily (February 10, 2010) http://www.sciencedaily.com Bullying Statistics, http://www.bullingstatics.org Family Safety, http://www.microsoft.com http://ncab.org.au/fourkindsofbullying/ 24/8/12 http://www.stopbullying.gov/at-risk/effects/index.html#suicide 24/8/12 http://library.thinkquest.org/07aug/00117/bullyingconsequences.html 24/8/12 http://www.cyberbullying.info/ http://au.reachout.com/Factsheets/C/Cyberbullying http://www.cybersmart.gov.au/Kids/Tips to stay safe and cybersmart/Cyberbullying.aspx http://www.bullyingnoway.gov.au/ http://www.bullying.com.au/ http://www.youthbeyondblue.com/factsheets-and-info/fact-sheet-20-bullying/ http://www.stopbullying.gov/at-risk/effects/index.html http://www.racgp.org.au/afp/201103/201103carrgregg.pdf

Sport Psychology: Mental training Essay -- essays research papers

Sports Psychology: A Relationship Between Mental Training and Sport Performance   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  James Dodson (1995) quotes Dr. Richard Coop, and says that he refers to sports psychology as â€Å"just mere helping people to clear away the mental clutter that keeps them from achieving their best† (p. 1). Dodson admits that as a golfer he has tried to break eighty strokes in golf, but did not succeed until he got help from a well-known sports psychologist. Before meeting his mental coach, Dodson tried to improve his game by buying expensive equipment such as oversized irons, gizmos, and lucky charms, but none of these worked. Once he started working with Dr. Richard Coop, he began to liberate his mind from its usual patterns and after a period of mental exercising, Dodson finally broke 80. â€Å"Dr. Coop emphasizes that golf is very much a brain game. The mind is a tool like any other skill a player possesses. But it’s often the tool most of us neglect to develop† (Dodson, 1995). Once the mind is in peace, our performance progresses.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Rebecca Lewthwaite (1990) points out that an individual’s motivation has a strong impact on physical performance ... therefore, â€Å"the process of mental training is the result of the meaning that the individual derives from situations, which arise from personal factors such as goals and perceptions of competency† (p. 1). Usually the performance of an individual is due to their motivation. More often than not, people tend to train with their mind unconsciously by visualizing improvement in their performance or visualizing the achievement of a goal or goals. Some athletes put the physical work in, but they also forget to work their mind. Body and mind have to come together to form a whole. Once the role of the mind and the physical aspect of the body have been mastered the performance of the individual will improve (Changing Times, 1986).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Some of the most interesting events and actions in sports are associated with the athletes’ will to engage in them. For example, Butt (1976) notes that, â€Å"Two people engaged in the same sports activity may behave in a similar fashion overtly, but each may react differently under the stress of winning or losing and may express different feelings when talking about his/her participation in sports† (p. 1). Such is the case of Keith Forman wh... ...2001, from Infotrac database. Dodson, J. (1995). The brain game. Golf Magazine, 37, (5), 20-23. Retrieved October 12, 2001, from Infotrac database. Galloway, J. (1998). Worryfree racing: seven tips to avoiding pre-race anxiety. Runner’s World, 33, (6), 42. Retrieved October 12, 2001, from Infotrac database. Hinkle, J. S. (1994). Integrating sport psychology and sports counseling: developmental programming, education, and research. Journal of Sports Behavior, 17, (1), 52-58. Retrieved October 12, 2001, from Infotrac database. LeUnes, A. D., & Nation, J. R. (1989). Introduction to sport psychology. Sport Psychology: an Introduction. Chicago: Nelson-Hall Publishers. Lewthwaite, R. (1990). Motivational considerations in physical activity involvement. Physical Therapy, 70, (12), 808-812. Retrieved from Infotrac database. Lynch, J. (1994). Think like a champion. Runner’s World, 29, (8), 50-56. Retrieved from Infotrac database. Lynch, J. (1996). Mind over miles. Runner’s World, 31, (6), 88-93. Retrieved from Infotrac database. Rosellini, L. (1987). In my mind I know I’m going to be a star. U.S. News & World Report, 102, (2), 58. Retrieved October 12, 2001, from Infotrac database.